True or False? Diagnostic Lab Results May Not Be Given to a Patient Without the Physicians Review
Aziza Nassar, Doctor, FCAP, is Professor of Pathology and Managing director of Cytopathology at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, FL.
There is a member of your health care team who plays a vital role in your diagnosis and cancer care who you may never meet confront to face: the pathologist. This is the md who analyzes the sample of tissue removed during a biopsy to make the correct diagnosis.
Here are v things this pathologist wants every patient to know almost biopsy.
Pathologists are trained to evaluate many different types of tissue. They use powerful microscopes to evaluate the cells within each tissue sample.
Sometimes a biopsy sample might non exist big enough to evaluate. Other times, the pathologist can see that the sample was not taken from the correct area. In these cases, the pathologist will ask your doctor to repeat the biopsy, so the pathologist can make a conclusive and authentic diagnosis.
Some biopsies can exist performed in a doctor'southward office or an outpatient clinic. These include shave biopsies, punch biopsies, Pap tests and cervical biopsies, and even some fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) for the thyroid or lymph nodes. These procedures are usually fairly quick and might take xv to 30 minutes to perform, depending on the function of the body being biopsied.
Typically, the biopsy sample is and then saved in a special blazon of preservative and sent to the pathology lab for processing. Tissue processing takes several steps, but it starts with making certain the correct test was done on the correct patient. Depending on the type of evaluation needed, the next steps might have a few hours or several days.
If your pathologist suspects certain types of cancer, such as lymphoma, he or she might need to perform boosted testing to determine the subtype. This process takes an boosted 24 to 96 hours, depending on the complexity of the cancer.
It can be agonizing to wait for biopsy results. Just be assured that the pathologist is using his or her specialized expertise to make certain yous get an accurate diagnosis.
Pathologists are the caretakers of tissue samples and must exercise skillful judgment with them. Samples allow us to make a correct diagnosis. Just we can also use the samples to perform boosted tests, such as immunostains, which can identify where a tumor started. This is really valuable in treating cancer that has spread from another part of the body, called metastasis.
Your pathologist will also make certain that biopsy samples are used to place other factors affecting your treatment and recovery. These can include genetic changes that could guide treatment options or predict your chance of recovery. For example, in breast cancer, pathologists employ the biopsy sample to identify hormone receptors such as estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) and human epidermal growth cistron receptor (HER2). As we identify more precise characteristics of cancer from the biopsy sample, we can identify a growing number of patients who may benefit from new, more effective targeted therapies.
Federal police requires laboratories to safely store specimens for a set amount of fourth dimension. For example, cytology slides, like Pap tests, are commonly stored for at least 5 years. Other types of stained tissue slides are typically kept for 10 years or more. Methane series blocks (fabric where tissues are unremarkably processed) are retained for at least 10 years. Some states may require even longer storage periods.
By saving biopsy tissue for a long time, the pathologist may review the primary tumor if a patient has that cancer come back or spread in the future. By looking at the sample over again, nosotros can find out if the original primary tumor has come back or if information technology is a new cancer. We also may review the samples once again if new treatments based on a tumor's genetics become available. At other times and only if the patient gives permission, biopsy samples may be used in research to assistance discover new treatments and targeted therapies.
Typically, pathologists share all cancer diagnoses with their associates, particularly when a patient has a cancer that is difficult to diagnose or treat. Most accredited labs require a second pathologist to ostend the diagnosis for all cancers.
In addition, pathologists participate in tumor board review. Tumor board review is an approach to planning cancer treatment in which a team of doctors from different specialties work together to reach an opinion.
This multilayered team evaluation helps ensure that patients receive a detailed and accurate diagnosis. And because we empathize the value of gaining a second opinion, all laboratories are willing to give patients their biopsy samples if they want a second opinion or treatment from another cancer center.
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Source: https://www.cancer.net/blog/2016-05/biopsy-5-things-every-patient-should-know
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